312-50v12 Self-Study Guide for Becoming an Certified Ethical Hacker Exam Expert
312-50v12 Study Guide Realistic Verified 312-50v12 Dumps
ECCouncil 312-50v12 Exam is a rigorous and challenging exam that requires a strong understanding of cybersecurity concepts and hands-on experience with various cybersecurity tools and techniques. It is recommended that candidates have at least two years of experience in the cybersecurity field before attempting the exam. Certified Ethical Hacker Exam certification is valid for three years, after which candidates must renew their certification by completing continuing education requirements or retaking the exam.
The EC-Council 312-50v12 exam is a comprehensive exam that covers a wide range of topics in the field of information security. 312-50v12 exam consists of 125 multiple-choice questions that must be completed within a four-hour time limit. 312-50v12 exam is designed to test the candidate's knowledge of various topics, including network security, web application security, cryptography, and ethical hacking techniques.
NEW QUESTION # 279
You start performing a penetration test against a specific website and have decided to start from grabbing all the links from the main page.
What Is the best Linux pipe to achieve your milestone?
- A. wget https://stte.com | grep "< a href=\*http" | grep "site.com"
- B. dirb https://site.com | grep "site"
- C. wgethttps://site.com | cut-d"http-
- D. curl -s https://sile.com | grep ''< a href-\'http" | grep "Site-com- | cut -d "V" -f 2
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 280
This TCP flag instructs the sending system to transmit all buffered data immediately.
- A. URG
- B. SYN
- C. PSH
- D. RST
- E. FIN
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 281
Nicolas just found a vulnerability on a public-facing system that is considered a zero-day vulnerability. He sent an email to the owner of the public system describing the problem and how the owner can protect themselves from that vulnerability. He also sent an email to Microsoft informing them of the problem that their systems are exposed to. What type of hacker is Nicolas?
- A. Gray hat
- B. Red hat
- C. Black hat
- D. white hat
Answer: D
Explanation:
A white hat (or a white hat hacker) is an ethical computer hacker, or a computer security expert, who focuses on penetration testing and in other testing methodologies that ensures the safety of an organization's information systems. Ethical hacking may be a term meant to imply a broader category than simply penetration testing. Contrasted with black hat, a malicious hacker, the name comes from Western films, where heroic and antagonistic cowboys might traditionally wear a white and a black hat respectively. While a white hat hacker hacks under good intentions with permission, and a black hat hacker, most frequently unauthorized, has malicious intent, there's a 3rd kind referred to as a gray hat hacker who hacks with good intentions but sometimes without permission. White hat hackers can also add teams called "sneakers and/or hacker clubs",red teams, or tiger teams. While penetration testing concentrates on attacking software and computer systems from the beginning - scanning ports, examining known defects in protocols and applications running on the system and patch installations, as an example - ethical hacking may include other things. A full-blown ethical hack might include emailing staff to invite password details, searching through executive's dustbins and typically breaking and entering, without the knowledge and consent of the targets. Only the owners, CEOs and Board Members (stake holders) who asked for such a censoring of this magnitude are aware. to undertake to duplicate a number of the destructive techniques a true attack might employ, ethical hackers may arrange for cloned test systems, or organize a hack late in the dark while systems are less critical. In most up-to-date cases these hacks perpetuate for the long-term con (days, if not weeks, of long-term human infiltration into an organization). Some examples include leaving USB/flash key drives with hidden auto-start software during a public area as if someone lost the tiny drive and an unsuspecting employee found it and took it. Some other methods of completing these include: * DoS attacks * Social engineering tactics * Reverse engineering * Network security * Disk and memory forensics * Vulnerability research * Security scanners such as: - W3af - Nessus - Burp suite * Frameworks such as: - Metasploit * Training Platforms These methods identify and exploit known security vulnerabilities and plan to evade security to realize entry into secured areas. they're ready to do that by hiding software and system 'back-doors' which will be used as a link to information or access that a non-ethical hacker, also referred to as 'black-hat' or 'grey-hat', might want to succeed in .
NEW QUESTION # 282
Although FTP traffic is not encrypted by default, which layer 3 protocol would allow for end-to-end encryption of the connection?
- A. FTPS
- B. SFTP
- C. SSL
- D. Ipsec
Answer: D
Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPsec
Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a secure network protocol suite that authenticates and encrypts the packets of data to provide secure encrypted communication between two computers over an Internet Protocol network. It is used in virtual private networks (VPNs).
IPsec includes protocols for establishing mutual authentication between agents at the beginning of a session and negotiation of cryptographic keys to use during the session. IPsec can protect data flows between a pair of hosts (host-to-host), between a pair of security gateways (network-to-network), or between a security gateway and a host (network-to-host). IPsec uses cryptographic security services to protect communications over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It supports network-level peer authentication, data-origin authentication, data integrity, data confidentiality (encryption), and replay protection.
The initial IPv4 suite was developed with few security provisions. As a part of the IPv4 enhancement, IPsec is a layer 3 OSI model or internet layer end-to-end security scheme. In contrast, while some other Internet security systems in widespread use operate above layer 3, such as Transport Layer Security (TLS) that operates at the Transport Layer and Secure Shell (SSH) that operates at the Application layer, IPsec can automatically secure applications at the IP layer.
Incorrect answers:
SFTP https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol#FTP_over_SSH
FTP over SSH is the practice of tunneling a normal FTP session over a Secure Shell connection.[27] Because FTP uses multiple TCP connections (unusual for a TCP/IP protocol that is still in use), it is particularly difficult to tunnel over SSH. With many SSH clients, attempting to set up a tunnel for the control channel (the initial client-to-server connection on port 21) will protect only that channel; when data is transferred, the FTP software at either end sets up new TCP connections (data channels) and thus have no confidentiality or integrity protection.
FTPS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTPS
FTPS (also known FTP-SSL, and FTP Secure) is an extension to the commonly used File Transfer Protocol (FTP) that adds support for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) and, formerly, the Secure Sockets Layer cryptographic protocols.
SSL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security
Transport Layer Security (TLS), and its now-deprecated predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols designed to provide communications security over a computer network. Several versions of the protocols are widely used in applications such as web browsing, email, instant messaging, and voice over IP (VoIP). Websites can use TLS to secure all communications between their servers and web browsers.
NOTE: All of these protocols are the application layer of the OSI model.
NEW QUESTION # 283
Morris, a professional hacker, performed a vulnerability scan on a target organization by sniffing the traffic on the network lo identify the active systems, network services, applications, and vulnerabilities. He also obtained the list of the users who are currently accessing the network. What is the type of vulnerability assessment that Morris performed on the target organization?
- A. External assessment
- B. Passive assessment
- C. internal assessment
- D. Credentialed assessment
Answer: B
Explanation:
Passive Assessment Passive assessments sniff the traffic present on the network to identify the active systems, network services, applications, and vulnerabilities. Passive assessments also provide a list of the users who are currently accessing the network.
NEW QUESTION # 284
Which of the following is a component of a risk assessment?
- A. Physical security
- B. DMZ
- C. Logical interface
- D. Administrative safeguards
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 285
Dorian Is sending a digitally signed email to Polly, with which key is Dorian signing this message and how is Poly validating It?
- A. Dorian is signing the message with Polys private key. and Poly will verify mat the message came from Dorian by using Dorian's public key.
- B. Dorian is signing the message with his private key. and Poly will verify that the message came from Dorian by using Dorian's public key.
- C. Dorian is signing the message with his public key. and Poly will verify that the message came from Dorian by using Dorian's private key.
- D. Dorian Is signing the message with Polys public key. and Poly will verify that the message came from Dorian by using Dorian's public key.
Answer: B
Explanation:
https://blog.mailfence.com/how-do-digital-signatures-work/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signature
A digital signature is a mathematical technique used to validate the authenticity and integrity of a message, software, or digital document. It's the digital equivalent of a handwritten signature or stamped seal, but it offers far more inherent security. A digital signature is intended to solve the problem of tampering and impersonation in digital communications.
Digital signatures can provide evidence of origin, identity, and status of electronic documents, transactions, or digital messages. Signers can also use them to acknowledge informed consent.
Digital signatures are based on public-key cryptography, also known as asymmetric cryptography. Two keys are generated using a public key algorithm, such as RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman), creating a mathematically linked pair of keys, one private and one public.
Digital signatures work through public-key cryptography's two mutually authenticating cryptographic keys. The individual who creates the digital signature uses a private key to encrypt signature-related data, while the only way to decrypt that data is with the signer's public key.
NEW QUESTION # 286
In this attack, a victim receives an e-mail claiming from PayPal stating that their account has been disabled and confirmation is required before activation. The attackers then scam to collect not one but two credit card numbers, ATM PIN number and other personal details. Ignorant users usually fall prey to this scam.
Which of the following statement is incorrect related to this attack?
- A. Antivirus, anti-spyware, and firewall software can very easily detect these type of attacks
- B. Do not reply to email messages or popup ads asking for personal or financial information
- C. Do not trust telephone numbers in e-mails or popup ads
- D. Review credit card and bank account statements regularly
- E. Do not send credit card numbers, and personal or financial information via e-mail
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 287
What port number is used by LDAP protocol?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 288
Clark, a professional hacker, attempted to perform a Btlejacking attack using an automated tool, Btlejack, and hardware tool, micro:bit. This attack allowed Clark to hijack, read, and export sensitive information shared between connected devices. To perform this attack, Clark executed various btlejack commands. Which of the following commands was used by Clark to hijack the connections?
- A. btlejack -d /dev/ttyACM0 -d /dev/ttyACM2 -s
- B. btlejack -c any
- C. btlejack -f 0x9c68fd30 -t -m 0x1 fffffffff
- D. btlejack-f 0x129f3244-j
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 289
If executives are found liable for not properly protecting their company's assets and information systems, what type of law would apply in this situation?
- A. International
- B. Common
- C. Civil
- D. Criminal
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 290
Nathan is testing some of his network devices. Nathan is using Macof to try and flood the ARP cache of these switches.
If these switches' ARP cache is successfully flooded, what will be the result?
- A. Depending on the switch manufacturer, the device will either delete every entry in its ARP cache or reroute packets to the nearest switch.
- B. The switches will drop into hub mode if the ARP cache is successfully flooded.
- C. The switches will route all traffic to the broadcast address created collisions.
- D. If the ARP cache is flooded, the switches will drop into pix mode making it less susceptible to attacks.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 291
A user on your Windows 2000 network has discovered that he can use L0phtcrack to sniff the SMB exchanges which carry user logons. The user is plugged into a hub with 23 other systems.
However, he is unable to capture any logons though he knows that other users are logging in.
What do you think is the most likely reason behind this?
- A. L0phtcrack only sniffs logons to web servers.
- B. Windows logons cannot be sniffed.
- C. Kerberos is preventing it.
- D. There is a NIDS present on that segment.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 292
You have successfully comprised a server having an IP address of 10.10.0.5. You would like to enumerate all machines in the same network quickly.
What is the best Nmap command you will use?
- A. nmap -T4 -F 10.10.0.0/24
- B. nmap -T4 -q 10.10.0.0/24
- C. nmap -T4 -O 10.10.0.0/24
- D. nmap -T4 -r 10.10.1.0/24
Answer: A
Explanation:
https://nmap.org/book/man-port-specification.html
NOTE: In my opinion, this is an absolutely wrong statement of the question. But you may come across a question with a similar wording on the exam. What does "fast" mean? If we want to increase the speed and intensity of the scan we can select the mode using the -T flag (0/1/2/3/4/5). At high -T values, we will sacrifice stealth and gain speed, but we will not limit functionality.
"nmap -T4 -F 10.10.0.0/24" This option is "correct" because of the -F flag.
-F (Fast (limited port) scan)
Specifies that you wish to scan fewer ports than the default. Normally Nmap scans the most common 1,000 ports for each scanned protocol. With -F, this is reduced to 100.
Technically, scanning will be faster, but just because we have reduced the number of ports by 10 times, we are just doing 10 times less work, not faster.
NEW QUESTION # 293
This form of encryption algorithm is asymmetric key block cipher that is characterized by a 128-bit block size, and its key size can be up to 256 bits. Which among the following is this encryption algorithm?
- A. IDEA
- B. HMAC encryption algorithm
- C. Blowfish encryption algorithm
- D. Twofish encryption algorithm
Answer: D
Explanation:
Twofish is an encryption algorithm designed by Bruce Schneier. It's a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits, with keys up to 256 bits. it's associated with AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and an earlier block cipher called Blowfish. Twofish was actually a finalist to become the industry standard for encryption, but was ultimately beaten out by the present AES. Twofish has some distinctive features that set it aside from most other cryptographic protocols. For one, it uses pre-computed, key-dependent S-boxes. An S-box (substitution-box) may be a basic component of any symmetric key algorithm which performs substitution. within the context of Twofish's block cipher, the S-box works to obscure the connection of the key to the ciphertext. Twofish uses a pre-computed, key-dependent S-box which suggests that the S-box is already provided, but depends on the cipher key to decrypt the knowledge .
How Secure is Twofish?
Twofish is seen as a really secure option as far as encryption protocols go. one among the s that it wasn't selected because the advanced encryption standard is thanks to its slower speed. Any encryption standard that uses a 128-bit or higher key, is theoretically safe from brute force attacks. Twofish is during this category. Because Twofish uses "pre-computed key-dependent S-boxes", it are often susceptible to side channel attacks. this is often thanks to the tables being pre-computed. However, making these tables key-dependent helps mitigate that risk. There are a couple of attacks on Twofish, but consistent with its creator, Bruce Schneier, it didn't constitute a real cryptanalysis. These attacks didn't constitue a practical break within the cipher.
Products That Use Twofish
GnuPG: GnuPG may be a complete and free implementation of the OpenPGP standard as defined by RFC4880 (also referred to as PGP). GnuPG allows you to encrypt and sign your data and communications; it features a flexible key management system, along side access modules for all types of public key directories. KeePass: KeePass may be a password management tool that generates passwords with top-notch security. It's a free, open source, lightweight and easy-to-use password manager with many extensions and plugins. Password Safe: Password Safe uses one master password to stay all of your passwords protected, almost like the functionality of most of the password managers on this list. It allows you to store all of your passwords during a single password database, or multiple databases for various purposes. Creating a database is straightforward , just create the database, set your master password. PGP (Pretty Good Privacy): PGP is employed mostly for email encryption, it encrypts the content of the e-mail . However, Pretty Good Privacy doesn't encrypt the topic and sender of the e-mail , so make certain to never put sensitive information in these fields when using PGP. TrueCrypt: TrueCrypt may be a software program that encrypts and protects files on your devices. With TrueCrypt the encryption is transparent to the user and is completed locally at the user's computer. this suggests you'll store a TrueCrypt file on a server and TrueCrypt will encrypt that file before it's sent over the network.
NEW QUESTION # 294
What would you enter if you wanted to perform a stealth scan using Nmap?
- A. nmap -sS
- B. nmap -sM
- C. nmap -sT
- D. nmap -sU
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 295
To create a botnet. the attacker can use several techniques to scan vulnerable machines. The attacker first collects Information about a large number of vulnerable machines to create a list. Subsequently, they infect the machines. The list Is divided by assigning half of the list to the newly compromised machines. The scanning process runs simultaneously. This technique ensures the spreading and installation of malicious code in little time.
Which technique is discussed here?
- A. Topological scanning technique
- B. Subnet scanning technique
- C. Permutation scanning technique
- D. Hit-list-scanning technique
Answer: D
Explanation:
One of the biggest problems a worm faces in achieving a very fast rate of infection is "getting off the ground." although a worm spreads exponentially throughout the early stages of infection, the time needed to infect say the first 10,000 hosts dominates the infection time.
There is a straightforward way for an active worm a simple this obstacle, that we term hit-list scanning. Before the worm is free, the worm author collects a listing of say ten,000 to 50,000 potentially vulnerable machines, ideally ones with sensible network connections. The worm, when released onto an initial machine on this hit-list, begins scanning down the list. once it infects a machine, it divides the hit-list in half, communicating half to the recipient worm, keeping the other half.
This fast division ensures that even if only 10-20% of the machines on the hit-list are actually vulnerable, an active worm can quickly bear the hit-list and establish itself on all vulnerable machines in only some seconds. though the hit-list could begin at 200 kilobytes, it quickly shrinks to nothing during the partitioning. This provides a great benefit in constructing a quick worm by speeding the initial infection.
The hit-list needn't be perfect: a simple list of machines running a selected server sort could serve, though larger accuracy can improve the unfold. The hit-list itself is generated victimization one or many of the following techniques, ready well before, typically with very little concern of detection.
Stealthy scans. Portscans are so common and then wide ignored that even a quick scan of the whole net would be unlikely to attract law enforcement attention or over gentle comment within the incident response community. However, for attackers wish to be particularly careful, a randomised sneaky scan taking many months would be not possible to attract much attention, as most intrusion detection systems are not currently capable of detecting such low-profile scans. Some portion of the scan would be out of date by the time it had been used, however abundant of it'd not.
Distributed scanning. an assailant might scan the web using a few dozen to some thousand already-compromised "zombies," the same as what DDOS attackers assemble in a very fairly routine fashion. Such distributed scanning has already been seen within the wild-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory received ten throughout the past year.
DNS searches. Assemble a list of domains (for example, by using wide offered spam mail lists, or trolling the address registries). The DNS will then be searched for the science addresses of mail-servers (via mx records) or net servers (by looking for www.domain.com).
Spiders. For net server worms (like Code Red), use Web-crawling techniques the same as search engines so as to produce a list of most Internet-connected web sites. this would be unlikely to draw in serious attention.
Public surveys. for many potential targets there may be surveys available listing them, like the Netcraft survey.
Just listen. Some applications, like peer-to-peer networks, wind up advertising many of their servers. Similarly, many previous worms effectively broadcast that the infected machine is vulnerable to further attack. easy, because of its widespread scanning, during the Code Red I infection it was easy to select up the addresses of upwards of 300,000 vulnerable IIS servers-because each came knock on everyone's door!
NEW QUESTION # 296
Kevin, an encryption specialist, implemented a technique that enhances the security of keys used for encryption and authentication. Using this technique, Kevin input an initial key to an algorithm that generated an enhanced key that is resistant to brute-force attacks. What is the technique employed by Kevin to improve the security of encryption keys?
- A. Key reinstallation
- B. Key derivation function
- C. A Public key infrastructure
- D. Key stretching
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 297
Which of the following tactics uses malicious code to redirect users' web traffic?
- A. Pharming
- B. Spimming
- C. Spear-phishing
- D. Phishing
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 298
You are a penetration tester working to test the user awareness of the employees of the client xyz. You harvested two employees' emails from some public sources and are creating a client-side backdoor to send it to the employees via email. Which stage of the cyber kill chain are you at?
- A. Command and control
- B. Weaponization
- C. Reconnaissance
- D. Exploitation
Answer: B
Explanation:
Weaponization
The adversary analyzes the data collected in the previous stage to identify the vulnerabilities and techniques that can exploit and gain unauthorized access to the target organization. Based on the vulnerabilities identified during analysis, the adversary selects or creates a tailored deliverable malicious payload (remote-access malware weapon) using an exploit and a backdoor to send it to the victim. An adversary may target specific network devices, operating systems, endpoint devices, or even individuals within the organization to carry out their attack. For example, the adversary may send a phishing email to an employee of the target organization, which may include a malicious attachment such as a virus or worm that, when downloaded, installs a backdoor on the system that allows remote access to the adversary. The following are the activities of the adversary: o Identifying appropriate malware payload based on the analysis o Creating a new malware payload or selecting, reusing, modifying the available malware payloads based on the identified vulnerability o Creating a phishing email campaign o Leveraging exploit kits and botnets
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_chain
The Cyber Kill Chain consists of 7 steps: Reconnaissance, weaponization, delivery, exploitation, installation, command and control, and finally, actions on objectives. Below you can find detailed information on each.
1. Reconnaissance: In this step, the attacker/intruder chooses their target. Then they conduct in-depth research on this target to identify its vulnerabilities that can be exploited.
2. Weaponization: In this step, the intruder creates a malware weapon like a virus, worm, or such to exploit the target's vulnerabilities. Depending on the target and the purpose of the attacker, this malware can exploit new, undetected vulnerabilities (also known as the zero-day exploits) or focus on a combination of different vulnerabilities.
3. Delivery: This step involves transmitting the weapon to the target. The intruder/attacker can employ different USB drives, e-mail attachments, and websites for this purpose.
4. Exploitation: In this step, the malware starts the action. The program code of the malware is triggered to exploit the target's vulnerability/vulnerabilities.
5. Installation: In this step, the malware installs an access point for the intruder/attacker. This access point is also known as the backdoor.
6. Command and Control: The malware gives the intruder/attacker access to the network/system.
7. Actions on Objective: Once the attacker/intruder gains persistent access, they finally take action to fulfill their purposes, such as encryption for ransom, data exfiltration, or even data destruction.
NEW QUESTION # 299
......
The CEH certification is offered by the International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultants (EC-Council), a leading provider of cybersecurity certifications and training programs. Certified Ethical Hacker Exam certification is designed for IT professionals, security officers, auditors, and other professionals who want to enhance their skills and knowledge in the field of cybersecurity. Certified Ethical Hacker Exam certification program is recognized globally by government agencies, private organizations, and academic institutions.
Valid 312-50v12 Exam Dumps Ensure you a HIGH SCORE: https://www.itpassleader.com/ECCouncil/312-50v12-dumps-pass-exam.html
312-50v12 Questions & Practice Test are Available On-Demand: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1hoMDm99yfEMVVxuOBhPXsKbU0m-aLlEq