[Aug-2026 Newly Released] Pass H19-404_V1.0 Exam - Real Questions and Answers
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NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following parameters is not mandatory for GRE configuration?
- A. Enabling the GRE checksum
- B. Destination IP address of the tunnel
- C. GRE protocol for the tunnel
- D. Source IP address of the tunnel
Answer: A
Explanation:
Enabling the GRE checksum is optional. A functional point-to-point GRE tunnel requires a tunnel interface, GRE as the tunnel protocol, and reachable source and destination tunnel endpoints. The source identifies the local interface or IP address used to construct the delivery header, while the destination identifies the remote GRE endpoint. Without these endpoint parameters, the device cannot correctly encapsulate and deliver packets to the peer.
The checksum field is controlled by the Checksum Present bit in the GRE header. When checksum processing is enabled, the sender includes a checksum covering the GRE header and payload, and the receiver verifies it.
This can provide additional corruption detection, but it increases processing and is not required for basic GRE operation. RFC 2784 explicitly labels the checksum field as optional and states that it is present only when the Checksum Present bit is set.
Huawei SD-WAN uses GRE or GRE over IPsec to establish data channels between edge devices. The essential tunnel and transport-network information is distributed through the control system, while optional GRE functions such as checksum validation may be enabled according to operational requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which of the following protocol data packets can be encapsulated in a VPN using GRE?
- A. IPv6 data packets
- B. IP unicast data packets
- C. IP multicast data packets
- D. IP broadcast data packets
Answer: A,B,C,D
Explanation:
GRE is a multiprotocol encapsulation mechanism and can carry all the listed packet types. It inserts a GRE header around the original payload and then places the resulting GRE packet inside a delivery-protocol packet. Because the GRE header contains a Protocol Type field identifying the encapsulated payload, GRE is not restricted to ordinary IPv4 unicast traffic.
IPv6 packets can be transported as GRE payloads when supported by the tunnel endpoints. IP unicast traffic is the most common use case. GRE can also carry IP multicast and broadcast packets, which is one of its major advantages over basic IPsec tunnel selectors that traditionally focus on IP unicast traffic. This enables routing protocols, multicast applications, discovery traffic, and other non-unicast services to operate across a logical point-to-point tunnel.
RFC 2784 defines GRE as a general mechanism for encapsulating an arbitrary network-layer protocol over another network-layer protocol. It also defines the Protocol Type field used to identify the carried payload.
Huawei uses GRE as an SD-WAN overlay data-channel option and can additionally secure it using IPsec when confidentiality and integrity are required.
NEW QUESTION # 32
Which of the following statements is false about the energy-saving function of the digital map?
- A. It automatically recommends energy-saving periods.
- B. It displays the energy consumption of network-wide devices.
- C. It automatically powers off some wireless APs during energy-saving periods.
- D. It automatically powers off switches.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Option C is false. The digital-map energy-saving function provides network-wide energy visibility, identifies periods of low wireless demand, and recommends appropriate energy-saving time windows. During an approved energy-saving period, selected wireless APs or radio resources can be placed into an energy-saving state after the system evaluates coverage, traffic, and capacity requirements.
Automatically powering off switches is not the intended function. Campus switches may carry essential wired services, provide uplinks for other network devices, and supply PoE power to APs, cameras, phones, sensors, and access-control systems. Automatically shutting down a complete switch could therefore interrupt many unrelated services and potentially disconnect downstream network segments.
Huawei identifies low-carbon and energy-saving operation as a characteristic of cloud campus networks and combines this objective with AI-based intelligent O & M and proactive optimization. Its intelligent O & M architecture analyzes AP load trends and performs predictive wireless-network optimization, providing the analytical foundation for selecting safe energy-saving periods and resources.
Therefore, A, B, and D describe supported digital-map energy-saving capabilities. Automatic switch power- off is the false statement, making C correct.
NEW QUESTION # 33
Which of the following can be prevented by using the unauthorized access prevention function of Huawei switches?
- A. Unauthorized Wi-Fi hotspot sharing
- B. Unauthorized access to a router
- C. Unauthorized access to a hub
- D. Unauthorized access to a USB flash drive
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Huawei switches' unauthorized access prevention function can prevent users from connecting unauthorized hubs and sharing network access through unauthorized Wi-Fi hotspots. An unauthorized hub allows multiple terminals to enter the network through a port intended for a single managed endpoint. This can bypass normal terminal-count limitations, admission controls, and access-policy enforcement.
Unauthorized Wi-Fi hotspot sharing occurs when a user connects an authenticated endpoint to the enterprise network and then enables hotspot or connection-sharing functionality. Other terminals can subsequently access the network through that endpoint without completing the required authentication process. Huawei switches can analyze terminal behavior, MAC-address relationships, packet characteristics, and access patterns to identify and restrict this behavior.
A USB flash drive is a local storage device and does not provide Ethernet network access, so option A is unrelated to switch-based unauthorized network access prevention. An unauthorized router is normally controlled through device identification, NAC, port security, or explicit access policies rather than the specific hub and hotspot-sharing prevention function described by this question.
Huawei intelligent terminal management combines terminal identification, authorization, traffic analysis, and bogus-terminal detection to achieve visualized access and prevent unauthorized connectivity.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which of the following encryption algorithms is used by WPA3?
- A. AES-128
- B. AES-512
- C. RC4
- D. AES-256
Answer: D
Explanation:
The intended answer is AES-256. In certification material, this question normally refers to the enhanced WPA3-Enterprise 192-bit security suite, which uses the GCMP-256 data-protection algorithm based on AES-
256, together with stronger integrity and key-management components. AES-512 is not a standardized AES variant, and RC4 is the obsolete stream cipher associated with legacy WEP and TKIP-era protection rather than WPA3.
There is an important technical qualification: WPA3 is a family of certification modes, not one universal cipher suite. WPA3-Personal commonly uses Simultaneous Authentication of Equals for password- authenticated key establishment and requires CCMP-128, which is based on AES-128. WPA3-Enterprise 192- bit mode, however, uses AES-256 in GCM mode. Therefore, the original wording is broader than it should be.
A technically precise version would ask which algorithm is associated with the WPA3-Enterprise 192-bit security suite. Under the intended Huawei examination scope and the supplied single-choice options, option B is correct. That distinction is crucial when interpreting this simplified examination item.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which solution can be used when users need to centrally control and manage Internet access traffic but do not have the required security-processing capability?
- A. Connect to third-party security services to centrally control and manage services.
- B. Deploy professional security devices at the headquarters.
- C. There is no solution.
- D. Deploy advanced security capabilities on CPEs.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Professional security devices should be deployed at the headquarters or another centralized Internet-access site. Under centralized Internet access, branch Internet traffic is first carried through the SD-WAN overlay to the centralized gateway. The headquarters security infrastructure then performs access control and security inspection before forwarding the traffic to the Internet.
This approach is appropriate when branch CPEs lack sufficient processing capacity or advanced security functions. A centralized firewall or dedicated security platform can provide intrusion prevention, antivirus inspection, URL filtering, application control, content security, and unified logging. It also allows the enterprise to enforce one consistent security policy instead of maintaining separate advanced configurations at every branch.
Deploying advanced security capabilities on each CPE, as proposed in option C, is a distributed local- breakout design and does not satisfy the stated limitation concerning security-processing capability. Third- party cloud security services can be used in some site-to-cloud or secure Internet-access architectures, but they are not the intended headquarters-based centralized solution in this question.
Huawei explicitly states that centralized Internet traffic is diverted to the centralized access site and that the firewall function is deployed there to secure Internet services. Therefore, option D is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 36
It is recommended that policy association be deployed between the access and aggregation layers when distributed VXLAN gateways are used and VXLAN is deployed across the core and aggregation layers.
- A. True
- B. False
Answer: A
Explanation:
The statement is true. In this three-layer campus design, aggregation switches function as VXLAN edge nodes and distributed gateways, while access switches provide terminal connectivity. Policy association allows the access switches to participate in user admission and policy enforcement without requiring them to support full VXLAN functions.
The access switch collects terminal access information and associates user traffic with the appropriate service or policy. The aggregation switch, acting as the fabric edge and VXLAN tunnel endpoint, performs VXLAN encapsulation, distributed gateway forwarding, and policy-related operations. Huawei specifically states that when aggregation switches operate as edge nodes, access switches do not need to support VXLAN and can cooperate with aggregation switches through policy association. This also permits legacy access switches to be reused.
The design reduces upgrade costs and avoids extending complex overlay configurations to every access device. Huawei's automated virtual-network deployment model also explicitly includes policy association between the aggregation and access layers, allowing access switches without VXLAN capability to operate as transparent or associated access nodes. Therefore, option A is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which of the following capabilities were introduced with Wi-Fi 7?
- A. 4096-QAM
- B. 320 MHz channel bandwidth
- C. The 6 GHz frequency band
- D. MU-MIMO with eight spatial streams
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The capabilities introduced with Wi-Fi 7 are 4096-QAM and channel bandwidth of up to 320 MHz. Wi-Fi 7, based on IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput, doubles the maximum channel width available under Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E from 160 MHz to 320 MHz where sufficient regulatory spectrum is available. It also introduces 4096-QAM, encoding 12 bits per modulation symbol compared with 10 bits for Wi-Fi 6's 1024- QAM. This can increase peak spectral efficiency when the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently high.
The other options were available before Wi-Fi 7. Support for up to eight spatial streams existed in earlier IEEE 802.11 generations, and MU-MIMO was already supported before Wi-Fi 7, with major uplink and downlink enhancements delivered by Wi-Fi 6. The 6 GHz band was commercially introduced through Wi-Fi
6E. Huawei's material specifically describes Wi-Fi 6E as extending Wi-Fi 6 into the 6 GHz spectrum. Wi-Fi 7 continues using 6 GHz but did not introduce it. Therefore, only A and C are correct.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the following are Target Wake Time (TWT) technologies?
- A. Individual TWT
- B. Implicit TWT
- C. Multicast TWT
- D. Broadcast TWT
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation:
Broadcast TWT, Individual TWT, and Implicit TWT are valid Target Wake Time concepts. Individual TWT establishes a wake schedule between an AP and a specific station. Broadcast TWT advertises scheduling information that multiple stations can use, reducing individual negotiation overhead and coordinating groups of devices. An implicit TWT agreement defines a repeating schedule in which subsequent wake times are calculated from the agreed wake interval instead of being renegotiated for every service period.
These mechanisms allow stations, particularly battery-powered IoT devices, to sleep for predictable periods and wake only when transmission or reception is scheduled. TWT consequently reduces power consumption, channel contention, collisions, and unnecessary medium access in dense WLAN environments. Research describing IEEE 802.11ax TWT confirms that the mechanism schedules station transmission periods and allows stations to remain asleep outside their negotiated service periods.
"Multicast TWT" is not one of the standard TWT concepts represented by this question. Broadcast scheduling can cover multiple stations, but that does not create a separate mechanism formally identified here as Multicast TWT. Therefore, the correct answers are A, B, and C.
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which of the following are common terminal identification methods?
- A. SNMP query
- B. Nmap
- C. DHCP option
- D. MAC OUI
Answer: A,B,C,D
Explanation:
All four options are recognized terminal identification methods. MAC OUI examines the first three bytes of a device's MAC address to determine its manufacturer, although it generally cannot identify the exact model or operating system. DHCP option identification analyzes fields such as DHCP options 12, 55, and 60, which can reveal the hostname, parameter-request list, vendor class, and other terminal characteristics. SNMP query is an active identification method that retrieves device details from relevant MIB objects and is particularly useful for printers, network devices, and other SNMP-capable equipment.
Nmap is also an active scanning method. It analyzes open ports, service responses, protocol behavior, and operating-system fingerprints to estimate a terminal's device type and OS. Huawei distinguishes information- reporting methods from proactive scanning methods: MAC OUI and DHCP options generally use information observed in traffic, whereas SNMP and Nmap actively query or scan the endpoint. iMaster NCE-Campus can correlate multiple fingerprints to improve identification accuracy and automatically apply terminal-specific access policies.
NEW QUESTION # 40
What are the modes of the HSR RedBox?
- A. HSR-PRP
- B. HSR-HSR
- C. PRP-PRP
- D. HSR-SAN
Answer: A,B,C,D
Explanation:
An industrial RedBox can provide all four listed interconnection modes. In HSR-SAN mode, it connects a singly attached node that does not natively support High-availability Seamless Redundancy to an HSR network. The RedBox duplicates frames entering the HSR domain and removes duplicate frames before delivering traffic to the SAN.
HSR-PRP mode interconnects an HSR ring with a Parallel Redundancy Protocol network while preserving seamless redundancy. PRP-PRP mode couples two PRP network domains, while HSR-HSR mode connects separate HSR rings. Depending on the implementation, the HSR-HSR interconnection function may also be described as a QuadBox function because four HSR-facing ports can be involved.
The essential RedBox responsibilities are frame conversion, duplication, duplicate elimination, sequence- number handling, and prevention of unintended forwarding loops between redundancy domains. HSR and PRP use compatible duplicate-identification principles, enabling controlled interconnection between these network types without introducing a single point of failure. RedBoxes also provide redundant connectivity for devices that have only one ordinary Ethernet interface.
NEW QUESTION # 41
What is the function of the PROFINET DCP?
- A. Exchanges alarms between the controller and I/O device.
- B. Discovers devices and assigns IP addresses.
- C. Connects the controller to the I/O device and parameterizes related objects.
- D. Exchanges process data between the controller and I/O device.
Answer: B
Explanation:
PROFINET DCP, meaning Discovery and Basic Configuration Protocol, is used during device discovery and initial network configuration. It operates at the data-link layer and enables an engineering station or PROFINET IO controller to locate devices on the local Ethernet segment, identify them by MAC address or station name, assign a PROFINET device name, and configure IP parameters such as the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.
DCP is therefore not responsible for normal cyclic process-data exchange. Real-time PROFINET communication performs that function after the controller and I/O device have been configured and an application relationship has been established. Alarm exchange and acyclic parameterization are also handled through other PROFINET communication relationships and services.
The distinction matters during commissioning. A new I/O device may initially have no usable IP configuration. DCP allows the controller or engineering tool to discover it at Layer 2 and provision the identity and addressing information required before higher-layer communication can begin. PROFINET documentation identifies DCP as mandatory for assigning IP addresses and configuring station names on the local network.
NEW QUESTION # 42
Which of the following statements is false about GRE over IPsec?
- A. GRE over IPsec first encapsulates packets using GRE and then protects the GRE packets using IPsec.
- B. IPsec protects data flows between the GRE tunnel source and GRE tunnel destination.
- C. IPsec supports encapsulation in both tunnel and transport modes.
- D. Compared with tunnel mode, transport mode adds an additional outer IP header. As a result, the packet is longer and more likely to be fragmented. Therefore, GRE over IPsec in tunnel mode is recommended.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Option B is false because it reverses the encapsulation behavior. In IPsec transport mode, the IPsec security header is inserted after the existing IP header; a new outer IP header is not normally added. In tunnel mode, the complete original IP packet is encapsulated and a new outer IP header is added. Tunnel mode therefore generally introduces greater overhead and produces a longer packet than transport mode, not the reverse.
The remaining statements are correct. IPsec supports both transport and tunnel modes. GRE over IPsec performs GRE encapsulation first, allowing GRE to transport the original payload, and then applies IPsec protection to the resulting GRE packet. The IPsec security association is established between the GRE tunnel endpoints, protecting the GRE-encapsulated traffic as it traverses an untrusted transport network.
Huawei SD-WAN data channels can use either GRE or GRE over IPsec. GRE provides flexible overlay encapsulation, while IPsec adds confidentiality, integrity, origin authentication, and anti-replay protection for site-to-site traffic. Huawei specifically identifies IPsec encryption as the mechanism securing site-to-site SD- WAN services.
NEW QUESTION # 43
iMaster NCE-Campus can identify terminals. Which of the following services can be provided after terminal identification?
- A. Traffic statistics: Traffic statistics are collected based on different terminal types, and reports are generated.
- B. Wired authentication: Terminals are identified through wired authentication.
- C. Spoofing detection: Terminal type changes are checked to provide a basis for spoofing detection.
- D. Authentication and authorization: Different network access permissions are assigned to different types of terminals.
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation:
After identifying a terminal, iMaster NCE-Campus can use the identification result for security monitoring, visibility, and policy automation. Spoofing detection is supported because the platform can compare a terminal's current type and traffic behavior with its previously identified characteristics. For example, if a device originally identified as an IP phone suddenly behaves like a PC, the system can generate a spoofing alarm or apply an isolation policy.
Terminal identification also supports statistics and reporting by vendor, operating system, device category, access port, and policy status. Huawei explicitly describes terminal-type statistics, report export, and visibility of access policies.
In addition, iMaster NCE-Campus can automatically deliver VLAN, security-group, QoS, authentication, and access-permission policies according to the identified terminal type. Option B is incorrect because wired authentication is an admission process, not a service produced after terminal identification. Therefore, A, C, and D are correct.
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which of the following WLAN networking solutions is recommended when there are 15,000 wireless terminals on the customer network?
- A. All of the above
- B. Core switch + aggregation switch + access switch + native WAC + AP
- C. Core switch + access switch + native WAC + AP
- D. Core switch + aggregation/access switch + standalone WAC + AP
Answer: D
Explanation:
A network serving 15,000 wireless terminals is a large-scale WLAN and should use a standalone WAC solution. A dedicated WAC provides independent controller resources, scalable AP and user management, centralized WLAN policy control, and the ability to deploy controller redundancy without tying wireless- control capacity directly to a specific core-switch service card.
Huawei recommends a standalone WAC when the wireless network scale is large or when the wireless network is deployed independently over an existing wired campus. The WAC is typically connected to the aggregation or core layer in off-path mode, and VRRP hot standby can be used to improve reliability.
Native WAC solutions are valuable for unified wired and wireless management, authentication, forwarding, and policy enforcement. However, for a very large number of wireless terminals, the controller platform must be selected according to user, AP, traffic, and forwarding-capacity specifications. A standalone WAC allows the wireless control plane to be sized and expanded independently.
Option C provides the dedicated WAC together with the required core and aggregation or access infrastructure. Therefore, it is the recommended architecture for 15,000 wireless terminals.
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which of the following technologies is used for wireless attack detection?
- A. PMF
- B. Spectrum analysis
- C. Mesh
- D. WIPS
Answer: D
Explanation:
WIPS is the correct technology because it provides wireless intrusion prevention capabilities, including detecting and containing rogue access points, rogue stations, ad hoc devices, spoofing attempts, flood attacks, and other malicious activity on the radio interface. Huawei's security-design material groups WIDS and WIPS with wireless attack detection and rogue-device containment. It recommends attack detection in public areas and primary or secondary education environments with high security requirements.
WIDS primarily detects and reports suspicious behavior, while WIPS adds active prevention or containment actions according to the configured policy. The other options serve different purposes. Mesh is a wireless networking architecture used to provide backhaul connectivity or extend coverage between APs; it is not an attack-detection mechanism. Spectrum analysis identifies non-Wi-Fi interference sources and evaluates radio- frequency utilization, but does not provide complete security attack detection and containment. Protected Management Frames protects selected 802.11 management frames against forgery, deauthentication, and disassociation attacks, but it is a protection mechanism rather than the comprehensive detection system requested. Therefore, WIPS is the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which of the following deployment modes are supported by AR routers?
- A. Email-based deployment
- B. DHCP Option 148-based deployment
- C. Registration query center-based deployment
- D. Barcode scanning-based deployment with CloudCampus APP
Answer: A,B,C
Explanation:
AR routers support registration query center-based deployment, email-based deployment, and DHCP Option
148-based deployment. In registration query center deployment, the router obtains basic network connectivity, resolves or contacts Huawei's registration service, retrieves the address and port of iMaster NCE, and then initiates registration. Huawei identifies AR routers, firewalls, switches, and APs as applicable devices for this method.
Email-based deployment is a major SD-WAN ZTP method for AR routers operating as CPEs. An administrator creates the site and ZTP configuration on iMaster NCE and sends a deployment URL to the onsite engineer. After the URL is opened and the parameters are written to the router, the device connects to the WAN and automatically registers with the controller.
DHCP Option 148 can provide the controller's southbound IP address and port number to an IPv4 AR router, enabling automatic registration. Barcode scanning through the CloudCampus APP is specifically presented as an AP onboarding method, not an AR-router deployment method. Therefore, A, C, and D are correct.
NEW QUESTION # 47
Which of the following is not part of an IFIT measurement model?
- A. NMS
- B. Measurement direction
- C. Measurement flow
- D. Measurement point
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Network Management System is not an element of the IFIT measurement model. An IFIT measurement definition identifies the traffic to be measured, the locations where measurement actions occur, and the direction in which the flow is evaluated. The measurement flow specifies the target packets, usually through flow-identification fields. Measurement points define where packets are marked, counted, timestamped, or reported, such as ingress, transit, and egress nodes. Measurement direction distinguishes forward and reverse monitoring so that packet loss, delay, and path behavior can be analyzed correctly for each direction.
An NMS or controller remains operationally important because it creates measurement tasks, distributes configurations, receives telemetry data, correlates the results, and presents fault-location information.
However, it is the management and analysis system surrounding the measurement model, not one of the model's constituent measurement parameters.
Huawei positions IFIT as a high-precision telemetry mechanism used to delimit and locate application-quality faults. The training material highlights IFIT's capability to locate faults rapidly and detect packet loss with extremely high reliability. Therefore, the component that is not part of the measurement model is the NMS.
NEW QUESTION # 48
Which role supports MRM election?
- A. MIM
- B. MRC
- C. MRM
- D. MRA
Answer: D
Explanation:
MRA, or Media Redundancy Auto-Manager, supports the automatic election of the Media Redundancy Manager in an MRP ring. When several devices are configured with the MRA role, they exchange control information and elect one device to perform the MRM function. The elected MRM supervises the ring, blocks one ring port during normal operation to prevent a Layer 2 loop, detects failures, and changes the forwarding state when the ring becomes open.
An MRC is a Media Redundancy Client. It participates in the MRP ring and forwards MRP control packets, but it does not initiate the automatic manager-election process. MRM represents the operational manager role after election or manual configuration, rather than the role specifically designed to support election. MIM refers to a Media Redundancy Interconnection Manager, which is associated with interconnecting and protecting multiple MRP rings rather than electing the manager within one ring. MRP itself distinguishes the ring manager from ring clients and uses the manager to control ring forwarding and recovery.
NEW QUESTION # 49
Which of the following statements is false?
- A. Traditional QoS schedules traffic based on interface bandwidth, allowing services to be differentiated by service level. However, it is difficult to differentiate services by user. Therefore, traditional QoS is typically applied at the core layer rather than the access layer.
- B. Traditional QoS technologies can provide differentiated services to meet the requirements of voice, video, and data services.
- C. Hierarchical Quality of Service (HQoS) uses queue-based hierarchical scheduling to provide fine- grained quality assurance for services of different users.
- D. Traditional QoS can manage or schedule traffic of multiple services for multiple users simultaneously.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Option C is false. Traditional QoS can classify traffic and provide differentiated treatment for service categories such as voice, video, and ordinary data. It normally performs classification, marking, policing, shaping, congestion avoidance, and queue scheduling on an interface. This provides service-level differentiation but does not deliver sufficiently refined simultaneous management across multiple users and multiple applications.
Huawei's material explicitly states that traditional QoS schedules traffic based on port bandwidth and can differentiate traffic according to service levels, but it is difficult to distinguish traffic by user. It also states that traditional QoS cannot manage and schedule traffic from multiple services and multiple users simultaneously.
HQoS addresses this limitation through hierarchical, multi-level queues. For example, a parent level can allocate bandwidth to departments, VPNs, sites, or users, while child queues prioritize applications such as voice, video, email, and best-effort traffic. Huawei describes HQoS as hierarchical scheduling that differentiates both services and users. Therefore, statements A, B, and D are correct, while statement C incorrectly attributes an HQoS capability to traditional QoS.
NEW QUESTION # 50
Which of the following slicing modes are supported?
- A. Based on a VLAN or port
- B. Based on a 5-tuple or application
- C. Based on a user group
- D. Based on a VPN
Answer: A,B,C,D
Explanation:
All four listed classification dimensions are supported slicing approaches in the relevant campus and SD- WAN context. A slice can be created from traffic characteristics, including a 5-tuple or an identified application, so selected flows receive dedicated forwarding, bandwidth, security, or quality policies. Huawei supports customized application identification using URLs and IP 5-tuple information, as well as application- and 5-tuple-based traffic steering and QoS.
VPN- or VN-based slicing provides logical Layer 3 isolation. Huawei's SD-WAN design maps each VN to an independent VPN instance or VRF and permits different overlay topologies, routing configurations, and policies. User-group-based slicing associates network treatment with identity or security-group membership rather than a permanently assigned IP address, supporting free mobility and consistent policy when users move. Huawei's campus architecture applies different permissions to different user groups inside a VN.
VLAN- or port-based slicing classifies traffic by the local access attachment and is useful for fixed terminals or environments without identity authentication. Therefore, A, B, C, and D are all correct.
NEW QUESTION # 51
In hierarchical networking, which of the following devices is used for communication between different areas?
- A. Border device
- B. Any device
- C. Any specified device
- D. Edge device
Answer: A
Explanation:
A border device, or more precisely a device at a border site, provides communication between different areas in a hierarchical SD-WAN topology. The hierarchical model divides a large WAN into multiple areas. Each area can independently use a hub-spoke or full-mesh topology, while selected border sites connect the local area to a centralized backbone area.
When a non-border site receives a route originating in another area, the route's next-hop site ID is changed to the border site in its own area. The local border device then forwards traffic toward the border site in the destination area or toward an interconnected hub site. Ordinary edge devices provide connectivity for their own sites but do not automatically perform cross-area transit.
Huawei describes border sites as members of both the level-2 area network and the level-1 backbone network.
These sites collectively implement interconnection between areas. Huawei further explains that inter-area routes point to border sites and recommends two border sites operating in active/standby mode for reliability.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
NEW QUESTION # 52
Which of the following are WAN interconnection models for multi-branch campus networks?
- A. Hub-spoke
- B. Full-mesh
- C. Partial-mesh
- D. Partial-spoke
Answer: A,B,C
Explanation:
Huawei SD-WAN supports full-mesh, hub-spoke, and partial-mesh interconnection models. In a full-mesh topology, every site can communicate directly with the other sites. This model minimizes intermediate forwarding and is appropriate when branches frequently exchange latency-sensitive traffic such as voice, video, or collaborative application data.
In a hub-spoke topology, branch sites communicate with a central headquarters or data-center hub. Branch-to- branch traffic normally traverses that hub. The model is simple, scalable, and suitable for enterprises whose applications and shared resources are concentrated at headquarters.
Partial-mesh is used when most sites can communicate directly but some sites lack direct underlay connectivity or do not require direct tunnels. Those sites can communicate through a redirect or intermediate site. Huawei describes full-mesh, hub-spoke, and partial-mesh as supported topology designs and explains the role of a redirect site in partial-mesh networking.
"Partial-spoke" is not a defined SD-WAN topology model. A spoke is a role within hub-spoke networking rather than an independent partial-spoke topology. Therefore, A, B, and D are correct.
NEW QUESTION # 53
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