Real 4A0-D03 Exam PDF Test Engine Practice Test Questions
Nokia 4A0-D03 Real 2026 Braindumps Mock Exam Dumps
NEW QUESTION # 12
Which of the following statements describes the function or operation of the integrated gateway-based data center interconnect solution?
- A. The data center gateway and the WAN PE functions are performed on a single router.
- B. The route reflectors in the different data centers must be able to reach each other.
- C. All the data center leaf routers must be reachable over the WAN network.
- D. The VXLAN tunnels are required between the leaf routers in the different data centers.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
In an integrated gateway-based DCI design, the same physical or logical router performs both the data center gateway role and the WAN PE role. This is why option D is correct. The device terminates or participates in the data center-side EVPN service and also handles the WAN-side VPN transport, including route translation or re-advertisement where needed. This approach avoids exposing every data center leaf router to the WAN and avoids requiring route reflector reachability between data centers. It also avoids building VXLAN tunnels directly between all leaf routers in separate data centers. Those characteristics belong to gateway-less DCI, where the EVPN overlay stretches more directly across the WAN and the WAN must carry the underlay or overlay reachability required by the data center leaves. Integrated gateway design is more controlled: the gateway is the interworking point, which makes it suitable when the provider or operator wants a strong service boundary and centralized DCI policy enforcement. Reference: integrated gateway-based DCI, single-router gateway/WAN PE function, EVPN/VPN interworking.
NEW QUESTION # 13
Which of the following four symmetric routing options does NOT require the use of an EVPN route-type 2?
- A. Host routing
- B. Prefix routing interface-ful numbered
- C. Prefix routing interface-ful unnumbered
- D. Prefix routing interface-less
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
EVPN route type 2 carries MAC/IP advertisement information. It is central to host-based routing and to designs where the fabric must distribute host MAC-to-IP bindings for integrated routing and bridging. In host routing, RT-2 is required because individual host reachability is signaled through MAC/IP advertisements. In interface-less prefix routing, RT-2 is still needed because the system relies on host or gateway MAC/IP information associated with the IRB and distributed gateway behavior. Interface-ful unnumbered designs may also require RT-2-style information to resolve next-hop or adjacency behavior because the routed interface does not use a conventional numbered next-hop model. Prefix routing with interface-ful numbered operation is different. In that model, the routed interface has explicit IP addressing and prefix reachability can be carried with L3 prefix routes without requiring EVPN RT-2 host MAC/IP advertisement as a dependency. Therefore, the symmetric routing option that does not require EVPN route type 2 is prefix routing interface-ful numbered. Reference: symmetric L3 EVPN routing models, RT-2 MAC/IP advertisements, prefix routing behavior.
NEW QUESTION # 14
Which of the following GARP functions is FALSE?
- A. The other hosts in the subnet will acknowledge the receipt with a reply.
- B. A host sends a GARP to update its own IP/MAC mapping to the other hosts in the subnet.
- C. All other hosts within the subnet will update their ARP tables.
- D. The GARP is sent as a broadcast.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
A Gratuitous ARP is an ARP message a host sends to announce or refresh its own IP-to-MAC binding without waiting for another host to request it. In a traditional Ethernet subnet, the GARP is sent as a broadcast so that other hosts can update their ARP caches with the sender's current MAC address. This is useful after a host boots, changes NICs, moves to another attachment point, or takes over an IP address in a redundancy scenario. In EVPN environments, GARPs are also important because a leaf can snoop the ARP information and update local proxy ARP and EVPN MAC/IP state. Option D is false because recipients do not acknowledge a gratuitous ARP with a reply. GARP is an announcement mechanism, not a request/response transaction. If every receiving host acknowledged a broadcast GARP, the result would be unnecessary ARP traffic amplification. The correct behavior is passive update of ARP state by receiving systems and, in EVPN, potential control-plane propagation of the learned binding by the local PE. Reference: GARP behavior, proxy ARP learning, Layer 2 EVPN endpoint update procedures.
NEW QUESTION # 15
Which of the following EVPN route-types is used to implement aliasing?
- A. IP/MAC routes
- B. AD per ES routes
- C. AD per EVI routes
- D. Ethernet segment routes
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
Aliasing is an EVPN multi-homing mechanism that allows remote PEs to send traffic to any eligible PE attached to the same Ethernet Segment, even if a specific MAC address was learned and advertised by only one of those PEs. This avoids a traffic bottleneck and enables load-sharing in all-active multi-homing designs. The route type used to implement this behavior is the Ethernet Auto-Discovery per EVI route, commonly referred to as AD per EVI. This route tells remote PEs that a given PE has reachability to a specific Ethernet Segment for a specific EVPN instance. When remote PEs receive these advertisements from multiple PEs for the same ESI and EVI, they can treat those PEs as valid next-hops for traffic toward that Ethernet Segment. Ethernet Segment routes support ES discovery and DF election, while IP/MAC routes advertise host MAC and optionally IP binding information. AD per ES routes are used for broader Ethernet Segment-level procedures, but aliasing at the service level relies on AD per EVI reachability. Reference: EVPN route type 1, AD per EVI, aliasing in all-active multi-homing.
NEW QUESTION # 16
Which of the following statements about a L3 EVPN network using symmetric routing is FALSE?
- A. Each participating PE must support the use of EVPN route-type 5.
- B. A routed-VXLAN interface is required on a per IP-VRF basis.
- C. Each MAC-VRF used in the L3 EVPN network must exist on each PE.
- D. Ingress and egress PEs perform MAC and IP forwarding.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
Symmetric L3 EVPN routing uses an IP-VRF-based overlay model in which both ingress and egress PEs participate in routed forwarding. The ingress PE receives the frame from the local MAC-VRF, routes it into the IP-VRF, and sends it across the VXLAN routed interface. The egress PE receives the routed overlay packet, performs the corresponding IP-VRF lookup, and then forwards it into the locally attached destination MAC-VRF. Because the routed overlay is built per IP-VRF, a routed-VXLAN interface is required for that IP-VRF. EVPN route type 5 support is also required because RT-5 carries IP prefix reachability across the EVPN control plane. The false statement is option D. Symmetric routing specifically removes the requirement for every MAC-VRF to exist on every PE. A PE only needs the MAC-VRFs for locally attached subnets, plus the shared IP-VRF and routed overlay state. This is the major scaling advantage of symmetric routing compared with designs that require broad MAC-VRF instantiation across the fabric. Reference: symmetric L3 EVPN routing, routed VXLAN interface, RT-5 prefix reachability, MAC-VRF scaling.
NEW QUESTION # 17
Consider the exhibit.
dcgw10 is a Nokia 7750SR and is used as the integrated gateway.
Which of the following is NOT configured in VPLS 100 on dcgw10?
- A. A VXLAN instance with the VNI for the VPLS.
- B. A BGP instance with two unique route targets.
- C. The BGP instance bound to the MPLS tunnels toward dcgw20.
- D. The EVI to be used by the VPLS.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
For Layer 2 data center interconnect using an integrated gateway, VPLS 100 on the Nokia 7750 SR represents the WAN-side Layer 2 VPN service. The VPLS requires an EVI because EVPN uses the EVI to identify the L2 service instance in the control plane. It also requires BGP EVPN signaling with the appropriate route targets so the local and remote service instances can import the correct EVPN routes. Because the service is transported across the WAN, the BGP/EVPN instance must be associated with the MPLS transport tunnels toward the remote gateway, dcgw20. A VXLAN instance with a VNI is not configured in the 7750 SR VPLS 100 for this integrated WAN gateway service. The VXLAN/VNI mapping is used inside the SR Linux data center fabric where MAC-VRF services are transported over VXLAN. On the WAN side, the VPLS service is carried using MPLS/EVPN mechanisms, not a VXLAN VNI configured directly under the VPLS. Reference: integrated gateway DCI, L2 EVPN/VPLS interworking, EVI and route-target operation.
NEW QUESTION # 18
Which of the following is NOT part of the description of a BGP route-distinguisher?
- A. It is included in each EVPN route update advertisement.
- B. The route-distinguisher is a unique identifier that is configured per PE and per EVI.
- C. It is used by MP-BGP to allow for overlapping addresses from multiple tenants.
- D. It identifies the EVPN instance in the control plane.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
A route distinguisher is used in MP-BGP VPN and EVPN address families to make otherwise overlapping tenant routes unique in the BGP control plane. In EVPN, different tenants or EVPN instances may legitimately use the same MAC or IP values. The route distinguisher makes the NLRI globally unique by prepending a unique value to the tenant route. It is typically unique per PE and per EVI, and it is carried in EVPN route advertisements. However, the route distinguisher does not control route import, export, or service membership. That role belongs to the route target, which is a BGP extended community used by receiving PEs to decide which EVPN instance should import the route. Therefore, option D is not part of the correct description of a route distinguisher. Saying that the RD identifies the EVPN instance in the control plane confuses RD uniqueness with route-target membership. The RD makes routes unique; the route target associates those routes with the appropriate MAC-VRF or IP-VRF import policy. Reference: EVPN route distinguisher, overlapping tenant addresses, route target separation.
NEW QUESTION # 19
Consider the exhibit.
All three of the leafs have a MP-BGP EVPN session to the route-reflector Spine-1. Leaf-1, Leaf-2 and Leaf-3 have existing instances of an L2 EVPN named MAC VRF-1. Host-1 has just sent its first Ethernet frame into MAC VRF-1 on Leaf-1.
Which of the following steps is FALSE?
- A. Leaf-1 generates an EVPN route-type 5 update with Host-1's MAC address and sends it to the route reflector.
- B. The route-reflector forwards the EVPN update to Leaf-2 and Leaf-3.
- C. Leaf-2 and Leaf-3 import the EVPN update based upon the route target.
- D. Leaf-1 populates Host-1's MAC address learnt on the local interface to its MAC table.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
When Host-1 sends its first Ethernet frame into MAC VRF-1, Leaf-1 performs normal local data-plane MAC learning on the access interface and installs Host-1's MAC address into the MAC forwarding table. In an L2 EVPN MAC-VRF, host MAC reachability is then advertised into the EVPN control plane using EVPN route type 2, the MAC/IP Advertisement route. Route type 5 is not used for host MAC advertisement; RT-5 is used for IP prefix advertisement in Layer 3 EVPN services. Therefore, option B is false because it incorrectly states that Leaf-1 generates an EVPN RT-5 update with the host MAC address. In this topology, Leaf-1 sends the correct EVPN update to the route reflector, Spine-1. The route reflector then reflects the update to Leaf-2 and Leaf-3, and those remote leaves import the route if the route target matches their MAC VRF-1 import policy. The route target controls service membership, ensuring that only PEs participating in the same EVPN instance import the MAC route. Reference: L2 EVPN MAC learning, RT-2 MAC/IP advertisement, route-reflector distribution, route-target import.
NEW QUESTION # 20
When PEs are connected to an Ethernet segment with at least one active MAC-VRF, which of the following statements about the AD per EVI updates sent by a PE is FALSE?
- A. It contains the route-target so that the update can be imported into the correct MAC-VRF instance.
- B. It contains the VNI that is to be used by the remote peers in the data plane.
- C. It advertises the multi-homing mode used by the PEs for the Ethernet segment.
- D. It is used by the remote peers for aliasing.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
Ethernet Auto-Discovery per EVI information is used in EVPN multi-homing to advertise that a PE has reachability to a particular Ethernet Segment for a specific EVPN instance. Remote PEs use this information for aliasing, allowing them to forward known unicast traffic toward a multi-homed Ethernet Segment through eligible PEs rather than relying only on the PE that advertised a specific MAC route. In VXLAN-based EVPN, the update also carries information needed by remote peers to select the proper data-plane encapsulation and VNI for the service. The multi-homing behavior advertised with the Ethernet Segment enables remote peers to understand whether the attachment is operating in all-active or single-active mode. Option D is the false statement in this context because route-target handling is a general BGP EVPN import/export mechanism associated with VPN route policy and extended communities; it is not the specific operational function that defines AD per EVI behavior. The AD per EVI route's purpose is Ethernet Segment reachability for an EVI, not route-target-based service identification by itself. Reference: EVPN route type 1, AD per EVI, aliasing and multi-homing signaling.
NEW QUESTION # 21
e-BGP is used as the routing protocol in the data center underlay.
When configuring the EVPN MP-BGP route reflector sessions, which of the following statements is FALSE?
- A. If redundant route reflectors are deployed, the client leaf routers will receive duplicated updates.
- B. A second route reflector can be deployed for redundancy purposes.
- C. The leaf's underlay autonomous system number is used for the route reflector EVPN peering sessions.
- D. The cluster-id that uniquely identifies the route reflector is only configured on the route reflector itself.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
In many SR Linux data center fabrics, eBGP is used in the underlay because it gives simple hop-by-hop routing, fast convergence, and clean autonomous-system separation between leaf and spine nodes. The EVPN overlay, however, is a separate MP-BGP control plane used to distribute EVPN NLRI. The overlay route-reflector session does not have to reuse the leaf's underlay autonomous system number. In practice, an overlay BGP group may use a distinct local AS or configuration model separate from the underlay AS design. Therefore, option B is false. The route reflector's cluster ID is configured on the route reflector itself to prevent reflection loops and identify the RR cluster. Redundant route reflectors can be deployed for resiliency, and clients may receive duplicate paths or duplicate updates from multiple RRs; the BGP decision process and route reflection rules handle this. The key design distinction is that underlay eBGP provides IP reachability between loopbacks, while overlay MP-BGP EVPN carries tenant service reachability. Mixing these roles leads to incorrect AS planning. Reference: SR Linux EVPN MP-BGP route reflectors, eBGP underlay, overlay BGP sessions.
NEW QUESTION # 22
Consider the exhibit.
Leaf-1 has received an ARP request from host-1 for host-2. Leaf-1 has added host-1's MAC address in its MAC table and host-1's MAC/IP addresses in its proxy-ARP table.
Which of the following steps is FALSE?
- A. Leaf-1 sends a route-type 2 EVPN update with host-1's MAC with the IP address set to 0.0.0.0 to the remote peers.
- B. The remote peers generate a gratuitous ARP towards their directly connected hosts to announce the learned IP/MAC mapping information.
- C. Leaf-1 sends a route-type 2 EVPN update with host-1's MAC with the IP address set to 192.168.100.1 to the remote peers.
- D. The remote peers ignore the EVPN update with the IP address set to 0.0.0.0 and use the update with the IP address set to 192.168.100.1 to populate their MAC forwarding tables.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
When Leaf-1 receives an ARP request from Host-1, it learns the source MAC address in the local MAC table and learns the source IP/MAC binding in the proxy ARP table. For EVPN distribution, the relevant control-plane advertisement is an EVPN route type 2 MAC/IP advertisement containing Host-1's MAC and the actual host IP address, 192.168.100.1. This allows remote PEs to populate their EVPN-derived forwarding and proxy ARP state with the correct endpoint binding. Option A is false because advertising the host MAC with the IP address set to 0.0.0.0 does not represent the learned MAC/IP binding required for proxy ARP synchronization. A MAC-only RT-2 advertisement may exist in EVPN contexts, but the question specifically states that Leaf-1 has learned the MAC/IP binding through ARP and is distributing that information. Therefore, the valid advertisement must include the real host IP address. Remote PEs use the MAC/IP route to learn the endpoint, not an all-zero IP placeholder for this proxy ARP learning event. Reference: EVPN RT-2 MAC/IP advertisement, proxy ARP table population, endpoint synchronization.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following statements about EVPN PE-CE routing, using BGP as the routing protocol, is FALSE?
- A. The PE advertises updates received from the CE as EVPN route type 5 updates to the other PEs.
- B. iBGP is preferred between the CE and PE so that they will be in the same autonomous system.
- C. The PE and CE can utilize import and export policies to control the updates that are sent and received.
- D. The PE advertises IPv4/IPv6 BGP updates to the CE based on the EVPN routes received from other PEs.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
In EVPN PE-CE routing, the PE exchanges ordinary IPv4 or IPv6 unicast routing information with the CE. When the PE learns CE prefixes, it imports them into the tenant IP-VRF and advertises them to other EVPN PEs as EVPN route type 5 IP Prefix routes. Conversely, when the PE receives EVPN routes from remote PEs, it can advertise corresponding IPv4/IPv6 BGP updates toward the CE, subject to policy. Import and export policies are essential because they control which customer routes are accepted, which EVPN-learned routes are advertised, and how attributes are modified. Option C is false because iBGP is not the preferred PE-CE model in this context. eBGP is typically preferred between PE and CE because it creates a clean administrative routing boundary between the provider/data-center edge and the customer or external router. Using eBGP also simplifies route policy, loop prevention, and operational separation. The CE does not need to participate in the EVPN overlay; it speaks standard BGP unicast with the PE, while the PE performs the EVPN RT-5 advertisement into the fabric. Reference: EVPN PE-CE BGP routing, eBGP preference, RT-5 prefix advertisement, import/export policy.
NEW QUESTION # 24
When providing L3 multi-homing on two or more leaf routers, which of the following is FALSE?
- A. The Ethernet segment is associated with the next-hop for the 3rd party prefixes.
- B. All learned 3rd party prefixes are advertised using EVPN route type 5.
- C. In an all-active multi-homing scenario, the DF-election is used to identify the leaf router that is responsible for forwarding BUM traffic to the host.
- D. In a single-active multi-homing scenario, the DF-election is used to identify the active leaf router.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
Layer 3 multi-homing is fundamentally about redundant or load-balanced L3 reachability for external prefixes, not about Layer 2 broadcast-domain flooding toward a host. In single-active L3 multi-homing, DF election determines which attached leaf is active for the Ethernet Segment, and only that leaf advertises or forwards for the attached customer route as required by the redundancy model. In all-active L3 multi-homing, multiple leaf routers can be valid next-hops for the same learned third-party prefix, and remote PEs may load-balance toward them based on the Ethernet Segment association. Learned external prefixes are carried as EVPN route type 5 IP Prefix routes, which is the correct route type for L3 reachability. The Ethernet Segment is associated with the next-hop for those prefixes so that remote PEs understand the multi-homed nature of the path. Option B is false because BUM forwarding is a Layer 2 EVPN concern. In an all-active L3 multi-homing scenario, DF election is not used to identify a BUM-forwarding leaf for host traffic in the same way it is used in Layer 2 multi-homing services. Reference: L3 EVPN multi-homing, RT-5 prefix routes, ES next-hop behavior.
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following statements about utilizing VXLAN for the data plane in the data center is FALSE?
- A. It allows the creation of a Layer 2 overlay network that can span the entire data center.
- B. VXLAN was developed to support EVPN networks in the data center.
- C. It may use ECMP to provide efficient utilization of the underlay interfaces within the data center.
- D. It has the capability to isolate up to 16 million different overlays.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
VXLAN provides a Layer 2 overlay over a Layer 3 underlay by encapsulating Ethernet frames in UDP/IP. This allows tenant bridge domains to span a routed IP fabric without requiring the underlay itself to behave like one large Layer 2 network. VXLAN uses a 24-bit VXLAN Network Identifier, which supports approximately 16 million logical overlays, far exceeding the scale of traditional 12-bit VLAN IDs. Because the VXLAN underlay is IP-routed, traffic can benefit from ECMP across equal-cost paths, improving fabric utilization and resiliency. The false statement is B. VXLAN was not originally developed specifically to support EVPN. VXLAN began as a data-plane overlay encapsulation technology, while EVPN later became the preferred control plane for distributing MAC, MAC/IP, multicast, and prefix reachability in VXLAN-based fabrics. In modern data center design, EVPN and VXLAN are commonly paired: VXLAN supplies the encapsulation and VNI-based segmentation, while EVPN supplies scalable control-plane learning and signaling. Reference: VXLAN data plane, EVPN control plane, ECMP underlay, VNI-based tenant isolation.
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which of the following statements about the Layer 2 EVPN configuration/operation in a Nokia SR Linux is FALSE?
- A. The Layer 2 EVPN is implemented as a MAC-VRF.
- B. Remote MAC addresses are learned from MP-BGP EVPN updates.
- C. Data plane MAC learning takes place on the local interfaces.
- D. MAC-VRF is configured with a VXLAN-interface towards each remote VTEP.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
In SR Linux, a Layer 2 EVPN service is implemented using a MAC-VRF network instance. The MAC-VRF represents the tenant bridge domain and is associated with access subinterfaces and a VXLAN data-plane mapping. Local hosts are learned through the data plane when Ethernet frames arrive on local interfaces. Remote hosts, however, are not learned by flooding or by configuring static per-peer VXLAN interfaces. They are learned through MP-BGP EVPN updates, especially EVPN route type 2 MAC/IP Advertisement routes. Option B is false because SR Linux does not require a separate manually configured VXLAN interface toward each remote VTEP for the MAC-VRF. Instead, the MAC-VRF is bound to VXLAN encapsulation and a VNI, while remote VTEPs and their MAC reachability are discovered dynamically through the EVPN control plane. This is one of the central advantages of EVPN compared with static VXLAN flood-and-learn models: the overlay endpoints and endpoint reachability are signaled through BGP, reducing manual configuration and improving scale. Reference: SR Linux L2 EVPN MAC-VRF configuration, MP-BGP EVPN learning, VXLAN data-plane mapping.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following statements about utilizing asymmetric routing in an L3 EVPN network is FALSE?
- A. If a host interface's has two IP addresses, it must send out two separate EVPN route-type 2 updates for the MAC-VRF.
- B. Each PE must have a full ARP table for all of the hosts in the L3 EVPN network.
- C. The ingress and egress PE routers will perform both MAC and IP forwarding.
- D. All the MAC-VRFs connected to the L3 EVPN network must exist on each PE.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
Asymmetric routing relies heavily on host MAC/IP information because the ingress PE performs routing into the destination subnet and then sends the frame across the overlay using the destination MAC-VRF/VNI. This means PEs require enough ARP and MAC/IP binding information to forward traffic toward remote hosts correctly. If a host has multiple IP addresses on the same interface, separate EVPN route type 2 advertisements may be needed to communicate each IP-to-MAC binding. The ingress and egress PEs participate in MAC and IP forwarding across the end-to-end service path, but the forwarding responsibilities differ by direction and stage. The false statement is option C. The statement says all MAC-VRFs connected to the L3 EVPN network must exist on each PE, but that is not the correct requirement in this question's verified answer set. In practical EVPN designs, the exact MAC-VRF placement depends on whether the service is implemented as asymmetric, symmetric, interface-less, or interface-ful routing. Here, the course answer marks the universal MAC-VRF requirement as false. Reference: asymmetric L3 EVPN routing, RT-2 MAC/IP advertisements, ARP and MAC forwarding behavior.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which of the following EVPN route-types is used to implement aliasing?
- A. IP/MAC routes
- B. AD per ES routes
- C. AD per EVI routes
- D. Ethernet segment routes
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which of the following statements about a distributed Layer 2 EVPN is FALSE?
- A. The local leaf replicates the ARP reply and sends it to all the leafs in the flooding list for that Layer 2 EVPN.
- B. The local leaf learns the source MAC address from the Ethernet frame and populates it into its MAC forwarding table.
- C. The local leaf generates an EVPN route type 2 and sends it to all of its configured BGP EVPN neighbors.
- D. When a host connected to a Layer 2 EVPN responds to an ARP request, it sends an ARP reply to the local leaf.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
In a distributed Layer 2 EVPN service, the local leaf learns host reachability from frames received on access interfaces. When a host replies to an ARP request, the local leaf can learn the source MAC address from the Ethernet frame and install it in the MAC forwarding table. If the ARP payload contains an IP/MAC binding, the PE can also use that information for proxy ARP and EVPN MAC/IP advertisement. The local PE then advertises the learned endpoint reachability using EVPN route type 2 to its BGP EVPN peers or route reflector. The false statement is B. The ARP reply is not replicated to every leaf in the flooding list as a normal operation. EVPN's purpose is to reduce unnecessary flooding by distributing endpoint reachability through the control plane. BUM replication is used for broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast traffic when needed, but a learned ARP reply does not require blind replication to all remote leaves. Instead, the leaf advertises the learned MAC/IP state through MP-BGP EVPN, allowing remote PEs to install accurate forwarding and proxy ARP state. Reference: distributed L2 EVPN operation, ARP learning, EVPN RT-2 advertisement.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Consider the exhibit.
The network is going to be designed to use interface-less symmetric routing.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
- A. The ingress PE will perform layer 2 and layer 3 lookups while the egress PE will perform layer 2 lookup.
- B. An instance of each mac-vrf is required on each leaf.
- C. Forwarding information will be exchanged between the PEs using EVPN route-type 2 updates.
- D. The IRB configuration does not require anycast gateway configuration on the ip-vrf.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
In interface-less symmetric routing, the EVPN fabric exchanges host forwarding information using EVPN route type 2 MAC/IP advertisements. RT-2 carries the host MAC address and, when present, the associated host IP address, allowing remote PEs to build the forwarding state needed for distributed gateway operation. Unlike asymmetric routing, interface-less symmetric routing does not require every MAC-VRF to be instantiated on every PE. The design scales better because each leaf only needs the locally attached MAC-VRFs plus the shared IP-VRF/routed VXLAN construct for inter-subnet forwarding. Option B describes an asymmetric forwarding pattern more than a symmetric one; in symmetric routing, both ingress and egress PEs perform routed forwarding functions through the IP-VRF. Option C is also incorrect because anycast gateway is fundamental when multiple leaves provide the same default-gateway service for a subnet. Therefore, the true statement is that forwarding information is exchanged using EVPN route type 2 updates. Reference: interface-less symmetric routing, EVPN RT-2 host MAC/IP signaling, distributed IRB operation.
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which of the following statements about the gateway-less data center interconnect solution is FALSE?
- A. The leaf routers are able to establish a full mesh of VXLAN tunnels across the WAN.
- B. The EVPN overlay is transparently carried over the WAN network.
- C. The data center gateway routers maintain a MP-BGP EVPN peering with the data center route reflector.
- D. The IP addresses of the leaf routers need to be re-distributed into the WAN.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
In a gateway-less DCI design, there is no dedicated gateway device performing EVPN-to-WAN service interworking. Instead, the data center EVPN overlay is extended across the WAN more directly. Because leaf routers must establish overlay reachability across sites, the IP addresses of the leaf VTEPs need to be reachable through the WAN, commonly by redistributing or otherwise carrying the necessary loopback reachability. The WAN transparently carries the EVPN/VXLAN overlay, and leaf routers can establish VXLAN tunnels across the WAN to remote leaves. Option D is false because it introduces "data center gateway routers" maintaining MP-BGP EVPN peering with the data center route reflector. That is not the gateway-less model; it describes a gateway-based role that does not exist as a separate function in this architecture. In gateway-less DCI, the EVPN control-plane and VXLAN data-plane extension are handled by the fabric endpoints themselves, so the design trades demarcation and interworking control for a more direct overlay extension model. Reference: gateway-less DCI, WAN reachability for leaf VTEPs, transparent EVPN overlay carriage, VXLAN tunnel extension.
NEW QUESTION # 32
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